Who knew . . . but is it true? (December 17, 2016) : The Mayflower; Benjamin Church; King Phillip's War; Anawan Rock; and Me??

Several years ago I was finally able to complete the research and documentation necessary to prove the family lore that held we were Mayflower descendants through my mother's line. The problem had been that while my maternal grandmother maintained that we were descended from Richard Warren of the Mayflower, I was never clear about whether it was through her Cooke line or through the line of her husband, my grandfather Everett Carpenter. [I have blogged previously about how I finally had the "Eureka Moment" when all the pieces of the centuries-old puzzle fell into place and I was accepted by the General Society of Mayflower Descendants. You can see that post from May 23, 2013 here.] As it happens, there are actually two known lines of descent from Richard Warren to me and they both pass through my mother's mother and her Cooke line. 

Tracing in reverse order one of the meandering lines of connection from me to Richard Warren, the path eventually comes to the marriage of Richard Warren's fourth daughter Elizabeth Warren (1616 - 1669) to one Richard Church (1608 - 1668). Richard and Elizabeth Church are my 9th great grandparents.

               Me 

               Shirley Carpenter m. Arnold G. Tew, Jr.

               Ruth Eaton Cooke (1897 - 1979) m. Everett Shearman Carpenter (1891 - 1962)

               Walter W. Cooke (1869 - 1944) m. Florence L. Flagg (1870 - 1904)

               George H. Cooke (1843 - 1872) m. Susannah C. Appell (1844 - 1906)

               Russell Cook (1810 - 1884) m. Mary Vinal Otis (1806 - 1881)

               Benjamin Cook (1768 - 1846) m. Abigail Church (1771 - 1845)

               Ebenezer Church (1726 - 1825) m. Hannah Wood (1734 - 1815)

               Caleb Church (1701 - 1769) m. Deborah Woolworth (1703 - 1733)

               Joseph Church Jr. (1663 - 1715) m. Grace Shaw (1666 - 1737)

               Joseph Church Sr. (1637 - 1711) m. Mary Tucker (1641 - 1710)

               Richard Church (1608 - 1668) m. Elizabeth Warren* (1616 - 1669) 

               * Elizabeth Warren was the fourth child and fourth daughter of 

                     Richard Warren and Elizabeth Walker, his wife.

               

Elizabeth Warren and Richard Church had at least ten children according to the Mayflower Families series. The second son of Elizabeth and Richard Church was Benjamin Church (1639 - 1718), the immediate younger brother and sibling of my 8th great grandfather, Joseph Church Sr.

Benjamin Church is my 9th great uncle. He was a very interesting character and Nathaniel Philbrick, author of Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War (New York: Penguin Group, 2006), devotes considerable space in his book to the person and character of Benjamin Church. According to Mr. Philbrick, Benjamin was a thirty-three-year-old carpenter who became "the first Englishman to settle in the southeastern tip of Narragansett Bay at a place called Sakonnet [Little Compton, Rhode Island today], home to the female sachem Awashonks and several hundred of her people." Benjamin was a man who wanted to create his own home from scratch out of what was then wilderness in Indian territory. As Philbrick put it, "Church was a throwback to his maternal grandfather, Mayflower passenger Richard Warren. By Moving to Sakonnet, he was leaving his past behind and beginning anew in Indian country." (Mayflower, p. 233)

It took Benjamin Church little time to realize that his dream of establishing a home at Sakonnet for himself, his wife Alice Southworth, and their two-year-old son Thomas (who were left behind in Duxbury) depended on establishing a good relationship, if not a friendship, with the sachem Awashonks. In time he succeeded in establishing such a friendship with Awashonks that at some point in June 1675 she warned Church that Metacomet, the second son of Massasoit of the Wampanoag's (by then known by his adopted English name of Phillip), was about to start a war with the English colonists. Philip wanted her Sakonnets to join him, and Awashonks wanted Church's advice first. Church advised that she and her people look to Plymouth Colony for protection and promised her he would go to Plymouth to warn the governor and return with instructions. Before he could do so, the predicted war broke out and eventually spread throughout New England. The war -- known today as "King Philip's War -- lasted from 1675 to 1678. More than half of New England towns were at one time or another attacked by Native American warriors and in southern New England more than 1,000 colonists and 3,000 Native Americans were dead.

Benjamin Church became a captain for the first Ranger [1] force in America in 1676 when he was commissioned by Josiah Winslow, the Governor of Plymouth Colony, to form a ranger company during King Philip's War. He was one of the principal leaders among the settlers. Today he is considered the "Father of American Rangers." [See, "United States Army Rangers" at Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers#Colonial_period] Church played an active and leading role in the war that Philbrick (Mayflower, p. 357) summarizes as follows . . . 

               [N]o matter how desperately our nation's mythologizers might wish

               it had never happened, King Philip's War will not go away. The

               fourteen bloody months between June 1675 and August 1676 had a

               vast, disturbing impact on the development of New England and,

               with it, all of America.

On August 12, 1676, Church's company of rangers conducted an operation that resulted in the killing of King Philip by one of Captain Benjamin Church's allies -- a Native American named John Alderman. Philip's body was "then butchered in a manner standard with English punishment for treason."[2] The body was drawn and quartered. The war effectively ended soon after the death of King Philip though skirmishes continued in far northern New England into 1678. In the greater part of the war theater in southern New England, the war ended on August 28, 1676 when Captain Benjamin Church succeeded in capturing one of King Philip's chief captains, Anawan, the war chief of the Pocasset people at the site of what is now known as "Anawan Rock" in Rehoboth, Massachusetts. Philbrick tells the full story of the capture of Anawan in Mayflower at pages 338 - 344 and it does not end well for Anawan for he was beheaded while Church was away discussing the possibility of his taking a company to Maine to assist in hostilities against the Abenakis. Church had hoped to turn Anawan to his side as an ally in the fight against the Abenakis, but that was not to be.

Philbrick's closing words about Benjamin Church are as follows (Mayflower, 357-58) . . .

               Out of the annealing flame of one of the most horrendous wars ever fought

               in North America, [Church] forged an identity that was part Pilgrim, part

               mariner, part Indian, and altogether his own. That so many characters 

               from American history and literature resemble him -- from Daniel Boone to

               Davy Crockett to Natty Bumppo to Rambo -- does nothing to diminish the

               stunning originality of the persona he creates in [his] Entertaining Passages

               Relating to Philip's War. That Church according to Church is too brave, too

               cunning, and too good to be true is beside the point. America was destined

               to become a nation of self-fashioned and self-promoting men. What makes

               his story so special, I believe, is that he shows us how the nightmare of

               wilderness warfare might one day give rise to a society that promises liberty

               and justice for all.

*     *     *

There is another interesting line of descent that passes through my mother to me, but this one comes via my mother's father, Everett S. Carpenter. Tracing this somewhat less meandering line of descent to a 4th great grandmother and her father and grandfather onto the farm they owned at the time of the American Revolution, the line is as follows . . .

               Me 

               Shirley Carpenter m. Arnold G. Tew, Jr.

               Everett Shearman Carpenter (1891 - 1962) m. Ruth Eaton Cooke (1897 - 1979) 

               Samuel Eber Carpenter (1853 - 1929) m. Sarah Etta Freeman (1858 - 1945)

               Samuel Carpenter (1828 - 1904) m. Ruth Ann Miller (1828 - 1893)

               Joseph Carpenter (1789 - 1880) m. Nancy Mason Bullock (1793 - 1880)

               James Carpenter (1767 - 1812) m. Lucy Bliss (1769 - 1817) -- my 4th great

                    grandmother

               Jonathan Bliss (1739 - 1800) m. Lydia Wheeler (1737 - 1803)

               Ephraim Bliss (1699 - 1778) m. Rachel Carpenter (1699 - 1784) -- my 6th great

                    grandparents

As the descent line above indicates, Ephraim and Rachel Bliss had a son named Jonathan who married Lydia Wheeler. One of the numerous children of Jonathan and Lydia Bliss was Lucy Bliss who married James Carpenter in Rehoboth, Massachusetts on March 6, 1789. Their son Joseph Carpenter married Nancy Mason Bullock and they had 14 children, one of whom was my great great grandfather Samuel Carpenter. Another of their children was Lucy Bliss Carpenter who was named after Joseph's mother Lucy Bliss. Lucy Bliss Carpenter (my 3rd great aunt) married Everett Leprilete Sweet on March 6, 1851.

I posted recently about Lucy Bliss [Carpenter] Sweet and the written Memorial to her compiled by Mrs George St. John Sheffield sometime after Lucy's death on December 13, 1910.  A copy of the Memorial was kindly provided to me recently by my 4th cousin, Neysa [Carpenter] Garrett.  [See, my post of December 13, 2016 here.] It was a portion of the Memorial to Lucy that provided the inspiration for some research that led to this post of previously undiscovered historical connections in my genealogy . . . as will now be revealed below.

On page 2 of the Memorial to Lucy Bliss [Carpenter] Sweet, her lineage to the Bliss family of Rehoboth was summarized and the fact that she got her name from her grandmother, Lucy Bliss, was explained. In the summary of Lucy Sweet's Bliss lineage, it was stated that Lucy's grandmother, Lucy Bliss, was the daughter of Captain Jonathan Bliss; and, in turn, Lucy Bliss [Carpenter] Sweet was the great great granddaughter of Lieut. Ephraim Bliss -- both Jonathan and Ephraim served during the "War of the Revolution."

Most of this Bliss connection through my Carpenter line was previously known to me, but it was the following passages from page 2 of the Memorial (shown and highlighted below) that really caught my attention . . . 

               [Lucy Bliss] was the granddaughter of Lieut. Ephraim Bliss, who, when the

               War of the Revolution broke out, "though seventy-five years old, shouldered

               his musket, and with his two married sons," -- one of them Captain Jonathan

               Bliss, the father of Lucy, -- "marched away, and joined the Continental Army."

               After a year, [Ephraim] was compelled to return home, but a grandson took his place

               to keep the family number intact. His own services were not ended, however,

               for, one day, when working in a distant field, he heard the note of danger sounded

               from the horn always kept on the bench beside the kitchen door, and, leaving his

               plough in the furrow he hastened on his horse to the house, to learn that a 

               messenger had brought news that the enemy were burning a nearby town . . . At

               once [his saddle bags] were thrown over the horse . . . and the horse was turned

               toward the enemy. *  *  * On this Bliss farm was the celebrated Annawan Rock,

               around which cluster Indian legends. It was the lodge of the chieftain of that name,

               who was under-chieftain to the famous King Philip, and the story of his capture is

               one of the thrilling tales of Philip's War. This romantic spot, -- the rock and some land

               surrounding it, -- was deeded to the Antiquarian Society of Rehoboth, by a

               descendant of Lieut. Bliss, "after it had been in the family over two hundred years."  

Who knew that there was a historical and genealogical connection between my Cooke/Church line through my maternal grandmother and my Carpenter/Bliss line through my maternal grandfather . . . and that it involved the famous Anawan Rock in Rehoboth, Massachusetts too? The only thing that  remains is definite proof of the Bliss ownership of a farm that once included the land on which Anawan Rock sits and its transfer by deed to the Antiquarian Society of Rehoboth.

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[1]   Rangers were men who were hired by colonial governments on a full-time basis to do reconnaissance and to patrol the boundaries of the colonies to provide early warning of troubles.

[2]  See, Wikipedia, "Benjamin Church (ranger)," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Church_(ranger)

Photograph of the Mayflower II underway from WikiTree at https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:The_Mayflower

The image of an engraving of Benjamin Church from a 19th Century edition of his narrative, Entertaining Passages Relating to Philip's War, is from the author's copy of Nathaniel Philbrick's book Mayflower (p. 234).

The image of Captain Benjamin Church by unknown artist circa 1675 -- New York Public Library,  Stephen Schwarzian Building -- is in the public domain. It was obtained from Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Church_(ranger) 

The image of a 19th Century engraving depicting the capture of Chief Anawan ("Annawon") is from the author's copy of Nathaniel Philbrick's book Mayflower (p. 341).

The photo of the entrance to Anawan Rock is from the website SGC (SouthCoast Ghost): Investigating the Paranormal in Southeast Massachusetts http://southcoastghost.weebly.com/king-phillips-war.html

The fall photo of Anawan Rock in Rehoboth, MA is from the blog Wicked Yankee at http://wickedyankee.blogspot.com/2011/11/anawan-rock-rehoboth-ma.html

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Copyright, John D. Tew

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Immortality (December 13, 2016) -- Lucy Bliss [Carpenter] Sweet

"Immortality Lies in Being Remembered by Family and Friends." -- John D. Tew

I have been on a rather extended "sabbatical' from blogging for several weeks while I focused on assisting my elderly parents up in Pennsylvania, and while I devoted concentrated time to trying to catch up with publishing my blog in book form for long-term preservation purposes. Since October 29th, I have only posted here three times including the last post, which was for my father's 94th birthday on November 28th. I am still trying to catch up on my blog book project, but a recent gift and the calendar made it imperative that I take time to post this today . . . as you will see. 

Very recently, a 4th cousin of mine via my mother's Carpenter line kindly sent me a copy of "A Memorial to Mrs. Lucy Bliss Sweet" that was compiled by Mrs. George St. John Sheffield in late 1910 or, more likely, early 1911. Mrs. Sweet was born a Carpenter and she was the 6th of the 14 children of Joseph and Nancy Carpenter. 

Lucy Bliss [Carpenter] Sweet was born in Rehoboth, Massachusetts on August 1, 1824 and she died in Attleboro, Massachusetts on December 13, 1910 -- 106 years ago today! Since Lucy was an older sister of my great great grandfather, Samuel Carpenter, she is my 3rd great aunt.  

I have written previously about my 3X great grandparents, Joseph and Nancy [Bullock] Carpenter.  [For example, see my February 21, 2013 post here and my February 18, 2013 post here.] Joseph Carpenter was born in Rehoboth, Massachusetts on September 8, 1789. He was the eldest child of the seven children of James Carpenter (1767 - 1812) and his wife Lucy Bliss (1769 - 1817). James and Lucy Carpenter are my 4X great grandparents. Lucy Bliss [Carpenter] Sweet, my 3rd great aunt, was named after her father's mother -- her paternal grandmother -- Lucy [Bliss] Carpenter.

Lucy [Bliss] Carpenter, wife of James Carpenter, was born on June 23, 1769 in Rehoboth and she died in Rehoboth on September 21, 1817. Her parents (my 5X great grandparents), were Jonathan Bliss (1739 - 1800) and his wife, Lydia Wheeler (1737 - 1803). 

On March 6, 1851, Lucy Bliss Carpenter was married to Everett Leprilete Sweet (1828 - 1868) in Norwich, Connecticut. Lucy's older brother, Rev. George Moulton Carpenter a Methodist minister who was living in Norwich, performed the ceremony in his home. Everett Sweet was the son of Leprilete and Lydia [Dunham] Sweet of Attleborough. Everett and his wife Lucy had five children: Leprilete Sweet (1853 - 1941); Lydia Dunham Sweet (1854 - 1869); Lucy Carpenter Sweet (1855 - 1922); Everett Henry Sweet (1858 - 1893); and Newton James Sweet (1860 - 1941). According to the Memorial to Mrs. Lucy Bliss [Carpenter] Sweet, her husband Everett "spent much of his time at the South [after the Civil War], superintending the getting out of dogwood and persimmon timber, which he shipped North, to be made into shuttles." 

Sadly, Lucy Bliss [Carpenter] Sweet lost her husband Everett just 26 days shy of his 40th birthday in August 1868. Upon her husband's death, Lucy was left as the single parent to five children, the oldest of whom was 15 and the youngest only 8.  Again, as the Memorial states, she, "was left with the entire responsibility of her large family . . . with but slender means, the greater part of which (through some bank failure) was soon lost. Her main asset was a home, but beyond that she had only herself to depend upon for their care and maintenance."

Fortunately for Lucy, her father (and the Carpenters before him) were interested in having educated children.  It was said in the Memorial that Lucy's father Joseph "justly estimated the value of education for his children, and gave to them all that was in his power." On the particulars of that education, the Memorial states . . . 

               "The little red schoolhouse" was the only 'hall of learning" for country children,

               and to it they gathered from far and near, and of all ages, from five to twenty

               years. There were no "grades" in those days, but all the scholars sat together

               on hard benches, in the one not over-heated room; -- nor were there any covered

               barges to transport those living at a distance; there were only the sturdy limbs of

               the youngsters themselves, with which to trudge the long miles, or in winter, rude

               sleds, on which some of the boys, if they were gallant, would draw their favorite

               girls. * * * Here Mrs. Sweet went to school . . . The "little red schoolhouse"

               curriculum comprised chiefly "reading, writing and ciphering," and oral spelling,

               and the girls often worked on their samplers in school. * * * In addition to this

               public instruction a teacher was employed for the Carpenter children in their

               home, -- Miss Fidelia Thompson -- a daughter of the then minister of the 

               Congregational Church, in Rehoboth, and to her, Mrs. Sweet has said, she

               owed her thorough "instruction in English and her love for literature."

So it was that when Lucy lost her husband and much of the family savings, and was left basically with just a home for herself and her five children, she relied on her early education and training with Fidelia Thompson and "her pen became the means of support" for her and her children. She developed some talent as a writer in verse and prose. She became a regular contributor to the Central Falls Visitor and later wrote extensively for the Attleboro Advocate that was bought by her two sons Everett and Newton when they reached adulthood.

Of her writing, the Memorial reported . . . 

               Her prose writings were clear, fair, and sincere, and characterized by her practical

               commonsense, which, as she said of a friend's was "uncommon good," and her

               poems were instinct with the genuine piety of her nature, and, written in easy,

               unaffected diction, possessed a womanly charm "all their own." From early life to

               the very latest years, she was repeatedly called upon to write for special occasions,

               both public and private, and "our own town poet," as she came familiarly to be called,

               could always be depended upon to respond in a manner appropriate and acceptable.

               No matter for what the call might be, __ a hymn for children, a family gathering, a

               dedication, a religious anniversary, a public celebration, the thought would be the

               right one, and the words chosen to express it, would be suitable and in good taste.

So today I raise a glass in memory of Lucy Bliss [Carpenter] Sweet, my 3rd great aunt, a strong and talented woman who left this world 106 years ago today!

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Thank you to my 4th cousin, Neysa [Carpenter] Garrett, who found the Memorial to Mrs. Lucy Bliss Sweet in the Attleboro Public Library, and kindly sent me a copy. It is very much appreciated and is now an important part of my Carpenter genealogy "library."

The photograph of Lucy Bliss [Carpenter] Sweet is taken from the Memorial to Mrs. Lucy Bliss Sweet and is the only verified photograph of Lucy that I have.

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Copyright 2016, John D. Tew

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Treasure Chest Thursday (April 25, 2013)

Invitation to the 200th Anniversary of the Town of Attleborough, Massachusetts (Incorporated 1694)

The Town of Attleborough, Massachusetts celebrated its Bi-Centennial Anniversary on Thursday, October 18th and Friday, October 19th, 1894.  Above is the invitation to the festivities that was sent to citizens of the town and to "absent sons and daughters and all others interested in the occasion . . ."

The Town of Attleborough was originally incorporated from Rehoboth, Massachusetts in 1694 and was comprised of what is now the Town of Cumberland, Rhode Island and the Town of North Attleborough, Massachusetts.  Cumberland was part of Attleborough until 1747 and North Attleborough was part of the Town of Attleborough until 1887.  In 1914 the Town of Attleborough changed the spelling of its name to Attleboro and at the same time reincorporated as the City of Attleboro.

Attleboro is located in Bristol County, Massachusetts.  In 2010 it was reported to have a population of 43,593.  Attleboro is about 10 miles from Providence, Rhode Island and 39 miles from Boston, Massachusetts.  At one time, due to the number of jewelry manufacturers in the city, it was known as "The Jewelry Capital of the World."  Many people over the last 100 years have worn high school, college, fraternity, sorority, military and championship rings made by the L.G Balfour Company.  Balfour was founded 100 years ago on June 13, 1913 in Attleboro.  Balfour is probably the most famous of the jewelry manufacturers located in Attleboro and at one time Balfour had contracts with 90% of all national fraternal societies to serve as their official jewelers for rings and other jewelry. 

The invitation above was devised by the Committee on Invitations, of which Lucy B. Sweet was a member.  Lucy was Lucy Bliss Carpenter, daughter of Joseph Carpenter and his wife Nancy Mason (Bullock) Carpenter, who have been written about here on The Prism and in American Ancestors magazine (vol. 12, no. 4, fall 2011) as reproduced with permission here.  Joseph and Nancy Carpenter are my 3x great grandparents.  Their daughter Lucy married Everett Leprilete Sweet on March 6, 1851.  Lucy is my 2nd great grand aunt. 

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Invitation photograph is of the original invitation in the possession of the author. 

The Seal of the City of Attleboro is an official logo of a governmental entity and it use here is believed to qualify as fair use under the copyright laws of the United States as further explained here.

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Copyright 2013, John D. Tew

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